کد:
http://www.alanphipps.com/WindowsAdmin-Server-RIS.html#AnswerFile
RIS is Microsoft's version of 3rd party imaging software such as Symantec's Ghost. RIS uses various technologies, such as PXE and DHCP to install clean installations, (not upgrade), of several operation systems. The PXE protocol is a combination of DHCP and TFTP, where DHCP is used to locate a boot server or servers, with TFTP used to download the initial bootstrap program and additional files. The bootstrap program can then begin the OS installation.
The process of installing and configuring RIS is described below:
- Step 1 - Install the Remote Installation Service
- Step 2 - Further Configuration for Extended Use
- Step 3 - Using Symantec Ghost with RIS
- Step 4 - Troubleshooting RIS
- Create an Unattended Install Answer File
- Create a Ghost Image Bootable DVD
Step 1 - Install the Remote Installation Service
RIS Prerequisites:
RIS requires a DHCP server, a DNS server, and an Active Directory Domain Controller, all of which can be on the same server or a standalone server, it doesn't matter as long as they are accessible. The RIS server will need at least a 2GB NTFS partition and the client image cannot be stored on the system drive
RIS clients need to be PXE compliant. If in the client's BIOS screen or Boot Device options there is an option for "Network Boot" then the chances are that the computer is PXE compliant.
Although it is not necessary, an isolated subnet with an isolated domain can offer security for the RIS Service as well as making it impossible for users to accidentally start a RIS install and lose their data.
Limitations of RIS:
RIS delivers only clean installs of XP Professional, you cannot use this technology to upgrade clients such as Windows 98 to XP. While you cannot use RIS to install domain controllers, you can have Windows Server 2003 stand alone servers which can then join the domain and promoted to domain controllers. Wireless networks do not support PXE network cards, so you cannot use the wireless medium to install XP Professional via RIS.
The RIS Server can be a Member Server, in fact it's probably BETTER to offer RIS from a Member Server than a Domain Controller.
Once these conditions have been met then The Install can begin from the Add/Remove Program Control Panel:
Tick the "Remote Installation Services" Checkbox and press Next.
Windows will then copy the necessary files,you may be prompted for the windows CD.
Once the files have been copied, press Finish.
If required, restart the server just now.
Once you have logged in again, start RIS from the Administrative Tools start menu shortcut
Press Next
Any folder can be used as long as it is NTFS and not the system drive
If the folder you selected already exists then you will be asked to confirm your choice.
The above setting mean that any pc that contacts the server will be accepted for RIS install. By ticking the other box, the client PC's Computer account must first be created in Active Directory. If no boxes are ticked then no RIS installations will take place. These settings can be changed after the Installation has finished.
Here you enter the location of your XP Setup Files. Any location can be used, CD, local copy or network location.
This is the name of the folder that the image will be stored in, if it is not a standard image, then this can be reflected in the name.
Here the Image description can be entered, again if it is not a standard image, then this can be reflected in the description.
A brief reminder of the selections made and a chance to go back if something needs changed, otherwise press Finish.
the Install process will take about 30 min's, if there are any errors, they will be displayed.
Once complete press Done, RIS is now ready to use
Step 2 - Further Configuration for Extended Use
Open Active Directory Users and Computers
The properties of the Server's computer account will display the configuration options
here you can change the Server respond settings and also Verify the server configuration . Press Advanced Settings
The naming convention for the Computer accounts can be customized here, for the Client install to be as automatic as possible select custom as above.
The above format will ensure that the server creates incremental names for the computer accounts, if the RIS server is on an isolated domain, then this setup ensures that you don't have to create/delete/modify the computer accounts as they will have no effect on your live domain.
Here you can install a new image for another OS or another version of the same OS. Press Add
The "Add new installation image" option takes you through the same process as we have just completed to create a new image. The "Associate a new answer file to an existing image" option allows you to customize the RIS image further, choose this option.
The "Windows image Sample Files" option allows you to choose between 2 preset answer files, a standard one and one that does not repartition the hard drive. The "Another Remote Installation Server" option allows you to select an answer file already configured on another RIS server. The "An Alternate Location" allows you to select an answer file from a local or network drive, choose this option.
Choose the Image you want to add the answer file to.
Locate the Answer file with the Browse button, it must have the .sif extension, To learn how to create an answer file click
here.
Enter a Description and Help Text
Review your settings and press Finish
Your new Answer file has been added, both choices will now be available to the RIS Client.
Few properties are configurable but by pressing Permissions:
You can decide who can Read/Modify the answer file.
To Allow User to install a Client Image using RIS
In order for normal users to install an OS with RIS they must be able to create computer accounts in the domain, this is done as follows:
Open Active Directory Users and Computers from the Administrative Tools Program Menu or by typing dsa.msc at the run prompt:
Select Delegate Control from the Domain Context Menu
Press Add and select the User(s) you want to grant the permission to
Press Next
Press Next
All Done, the specified users can now use RIS to install an OS image.